Günter Brus is recognized for his role in Wiener Aktionismus, an extreme variant of performance art developed primarily with Otto Muehl, Hermann Nitsch and Rudolf Schwarzkögler. Brus was the first artist to use bodily fluids in works. In his performance Körperanalysen at the University of Vienna's 1968 event Kunst und Revolution, Brus lacerated himself, smeared himself with his own feces, and masturbated as he sang the Austrian national anthem. His actions resulted in a psychiatric evaluation and criminal charges, on which he was sentenced to six months strict confinement. In 1969 Brus left the country illegally with his family and settled in Berlin. He met Gerhard Rühm and Oswald Wiener and went on to establish the Austrian Government in Exile and its official mouthpiece, the magazine Die Schastrommel.